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According to Jacobs and Shapiro, politicians play an active role in creating public opinion by:


A) paying for push polls that will produce the results they want.
B) conducting town hall interviews with voters.
C) framing the way they put forward proposals to try and sway the public.
D) spending campaign money on television advertising.
E) only supporting those positions that polls show a majority of voters support.

F) C) and D)
G) A) and B)

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What is the most common relationship between parents and children when it comes to political ideology and partisanship?


A) They tend to have different political opinions because of their different generations.
B) They often disagree on the most controversial political issues because children tend to rebel against their parents.
C) They tend to share similar social views but not economic views because of changes in the economy over time.
D) They rarely agree on who to vote for in an election because young people do not have a strong political identity and can change their minds frequently.
E) They tend to share the same political ideology and partisanship; family is a strong and early force in political socialization.

F) A) and E)
G) D) and E)

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Things such as ideology, party identification, religious beliefs, and personal circumstances that people use to form a latent opinion are known as what?


A) policy mood
B) random sample
C) political socialization
D) partisan cue
E) consideration

F) A) and D)
G) None of the above

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Scholars have shown that even in the aftermath of major events, such as the September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks, people rarely revise their opinions on such issues as civil liberties.

A) True
B) False

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Imagine that you opened up the newspaper tomorrow and saw a public opinion poll about a major policy issue. What things would you look at to determine the quality of the poll? What would make you find the results more persuasive? What would make you question whether the results were valid?

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When evaluating the quality of a public ...

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In a survey about 9/11, pollsters found that the percentage of Americans aged 50 and over who believed that luck was the major reason there had not been another large attack since 9/11 was nearly double the percentage of Americans aged 18 to 29 who expressed the same belief. What is this an example of?


A) ideology
B) latent opinions
C) cohort effects
D) generational effects
E) considerations

F) B) and D)
G) A) and C)

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Which of the following is an example of cohort effects?


A) that individuals tend to share the same party identification as their parents
B) that people with high agreeableness are more likely to favor economic policies that help the disadvantaged
C) that, until the 1970s, relatively few native white southerners identified with the Republican Party
D) the failure of President Clinton to enact health care reform in 1994
E) the increasing ideological polarization in Congress

F) A) and D)
G) C) and E)

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A ________ is a way to measure public opinion by interviewing ________ population.


A) mass survey; the entire
B) mass survey; a large sample of the
C) focus group; the entire
D) focus group; a large sample of the
E) push poll; a random sample of the

F) A) and C)
G) B) and C)

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When policy mood leans in a liberal direction, how does government tend to respond?


A) by giving tax cuts and tax credits to corporations
B) by reducing civil liberties
C) by expanding the federal government's role in different programs
D) by cutting off foreign trade
E) by following policies designed to reduce deficit spending

F) A) and D)
G) A) and E)

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Survey results are most likely to be accurate when:


A) the survey is completed through a face-to-face interview.
B) the survey oversamples highly educated respondents.
C) the questions are based on a topic familiar to most Americans.
D) the questions are complex and convoluted.
E) the survey asks a hypothetical question that the respondent finds thought-provoking.

F) A) and D)
G) B) and E)

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A Pew Research Center survey of 1,500 randomly selected people, with a sampling error of +/-3 percent, showed that 52 percent of the respondents viewed the military effort in Afghanistan to be going well. Based on this result, what percentage of the population views the military effort in Afghanistan to be going well?


A) 52 percent
B) anywhere from 49 to 52 percent
C) anywhere from 52 to 55 percent
D) anywhere from 49 to 55 percent
E) sampling error and the question wording make it impossible to determine

F) B) and C)
G) A) and E)

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Research shows that growing up in a homogeneous community:


A) increases an adult's sense of civic duty.
B) decreases the likelihood of voting in an election.
C) increases support for Democrats.
D) increases support for Republicans.
E) makes people more evenhanded and moderate in their political attitudes.

F) B) and D)
G) None of the above

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Nate Silver of FiveThirtyEight.com and Simon Jackman of Pollster.com are known for what technique?


A) using Internet surveys to conduct their polls
B) creating an average of polls that is more accurate than any individual poll
C) combining academic research with polling techniques
D) conducting daily polls to get a more accurate reading
E) writing poll questions in such a way that they push people toward a certain answer

F) A) and D)
G) C) and D)

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For most people, broad-based beliefs such as ideology and partisanship tend to:


A) remain stable over time.
B) shift depending on how a question is asked.
C) be latent opinions.
D) shift rapidly in response to questions.
E) change in response to popular presidents.

F) A) and E)
G) A) and D)

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Which of the following is a problem with mass surveys?


A) Random sampling produces sampling error in surveys.
B) Results are often inadvertently influenced by how questions are worded in the survey.
C) A typical mass survey of 1,000 people is simply not large enough to draw scientific conclusions about national public opinion.
D) Random digit dialing only reaches people with telephones, which biases the sample by overrepresenting the young.
E) Organizations that conduct polls do not have enough funding to do the surveys properly.

F) A) and E)
G) C) and E)

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Which of the following statements is true?


A) Sampling error can be eliminated from a mass survey.
B) Sampling error prevents any poll results from being taken seriously.
C) Sampling error is usually lower if the majority of the sample includes people with a four-year college degree.
D) Sampling error is usually lower if the majority of the sample includes people with strong political opinions.
E) Sampling error decreases as the size of the sample gets larger.

F) B) and E)
G) All of the above

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What does the term "political socialization" mean? What factors tend to have the greatest effect on a person's political attitudes and opinions? Explain why the factors you identified are important.

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Political socialization refers to the pr...

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Some beliefs, such as party identification or ideology, can change quickly in response to external events.

A) True
B) False

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When an issue or topic is salient, the survey respondent is:


A) likely to be confused by the question.
B) unlikely to answer the question or to take it seriously.
C) likely to express thoughtful but inaccurate opinions.
D) likely to express thoughtful and accurate opinions.
E) likely to answer the question but with a response that the respondent thinks the interviewer wants to hear.

F) A) and C)
G) A) and B)

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Maria is asked to take a survey. One of the questions asks her about her views on the new head of the Federal Reserve. While Maria had not really thought about it before, she was able to come up with an answer. This is an example of a(n) :


A) policy mood.
B) latent opinion.
C) political ideology.
D) partisan identification.
E) consideration.

F) A) and B)
G) C) and D)

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