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In which of the following markets are strategic interactions among firms most likely to occur?


A) markets to which patent and copyright laws apply
B) the market for piano lessons
C) the market for tennis balls
D) the market for corn

E) B) and C)
F) C) and D)

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Table 17-20 Nadia and Maddie are two college roommates who both prefer a clean common space in their dorm room, but neither enjoys cleaning. The roommates must each make a decision to either clean or not clean the dorm room's common space. The payoff table for this situation is provided below, where the higher a player's payoff number, the better off that player is. The payoffs in each cell are shown as (payoff for Nadia, payoff for Maddie) . Table 17-20 Nadia and Maddie are two college roommates who both prefer a clean common space in their dorm room, but neither enjoys cleaning. The roommates must each make a decision to either clean or not clean the dorm room's common space. The payoff table for this situation is provided below, where the higher a player's payoff number, the better off that player is. The payoffs in each cell are shown as (payoff for Nadia, payoff for Maddie) .   -Refer to Table 17-20. If Nadia chooses to clean, then Maddie will A)  clean, and Maddie's payoff will be 30. B)  not clean, and Maddie's payoff will be 50. C)  clean, and Maddie's payoff will be 7. D)  not clean, and Maddie's payoff will be 10. -Refer to Table 17-20. If Nadia chooses to clean, then Maddie will


A) clean, and Maddie's payoff will be 30.
B) not clean, and Maddie's payoff will be 50.
C) clean, and Maddie's payoff will be 7.
D) not clean, and Maddie's payoff will be 10.

E) C) and D)
F) All of the above

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Table 17-9 The table shows the demand schedule for a particular product. Table 17-9 The table shows the demand schedule for a particular product.   -Refer to Table 17-9. If the marginal cost of production in this market is $4, what is the socially efficient quantity of output? A)  3 units B)  4 units C)  5 units D)  6 units -Refer to Table 17-9. If the marginal cost of production in this market is $4, what is the socially efficient quantity of output?


A) 3 units
B) 4 units
C) 5 units
D) 6 units

E) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

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What are the three examples of controversial business practices that antitrust laws often prohibit?

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resale price mainten...

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As the number of sellers in an oligopoly becomes very large,


A) the quantity of output approaches the socially efficient quantity.
B) the price approaches marginal cost.
C) the price effect is diminished.
D) All of the above are correct.

E) A) and B)
F) None of the above

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Which of the following statements is true?


A) The proper scope of antitrust laws is well defined and definite.
B) Antitrust laws focus on granting certain firms the option to form a cartel.
C) Policymakers have the difficult task of determining whether some firms' decisions have legitimate purposes even though they appear anti-competitive.
D) There is always a need for policymakers to try to limit a firm's pricing power, regardless of whether the firm's market is competitive, a monopoly, or an oligopoly.

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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Table 17-8 For a certain small town, the table shows the demand schedule for water. Assume the marginal cost of supplying water is constant at $4 per bottle. Table 17-8 For a certain small town, the table shows the demand schedule for water. Assume the marginal cost of supplying water is constant at $4 per bottle.   -Refer to Table 17-8. If there are two suppliers of water, Victor and Sami, and if they have successfully formed a cartel, then what would be the price and the market quantity? A)  The price would be $7 per bottle and the market quantity would be 600 bottles. B)  The price would be $6 per bottle and the market quantity would be 800 bottles. C)  The price would be $5 per bottle and the market quantity would be 1000 bottles. D)  The price would be $4 per bottle and the market quantity would be 1200 bottles. -Refer to Table 17-8. If there are two suppliers of water, Victor and Sami, and if they have successfully formed a cartel, then what would be the price and the market quantity?


A) The price would be $7 per bottle and the market quantity would be 600 bottles.
B) The price would be $6 per bottle and the market quantity would be 800 bottles.
C) The price would be $5 per bottle and the market quantity would be 1000 bottles.
D) The price would be $4 per bottle and the market quantity would be 1200 bottles.

E) A) and D)
F) B) and C)

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Table 17-18 This table shows a game played between two firms, Firm A and Firm B. In this game each firm must decide how much output (Q) to produce: 10 units or 12 units. The profit for each firm is given in the table as (Profit for Firm A, Profit for Firm B) . Table 17-18 This table shows a game played between two firms, Firm A and Firm B. In this game each firm must decide how much output (Q)  to produce: 10 units or 12 units. The profit for each firm is given in the table as (Profit for Firm A, Profit for Firm B) .   -Refer to Table 17-18. If these two firms agree to cooperate to maximize their joint profit, the outcome of the game will be A)  10 units of output for Firm A and 10 units of output for Firm B. B)  10 units of output for Firm A and 12 units of output for Firm B. C)  12 units of output for Firm A and 10 units of output for Firm B. D)  12 units of output for Firm A and 12 units of output for Firm B. -Refer to Table 17-18. If these two firms agree to cooperate to maximize their joint profit, the outcome of the game will be


A) 10 units of output for Firm A and 10 units of output for Firm B.
B) 10 units of output for Firm A and 12 units of output for Firm B.
C) 12 units of output for Firm A and 10 units of output for Firm B.
D) 12 units of output for Firm A and 12 units of output for Firm B.

E) All of the above
F) A) and B)

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Table 17-22 Brian and Matt own the only two bicycle repair shops in town. Each must choose between a low price for repair work and a high price. The annual economic profit from each strategy is indicated in the table. The profits are shown as (Matt, Brian) in each cell. Table 17-22 Brian and Matt own the only two bicycle repair shops in town. Each must choose between a low price for repair work and a high price. The annual economic profit from each strategy is indicated in the table. The profits are shown as (Matt, Brian)  in each cell.   -Refer to Table 17-22. Which of the following statements is correct if Brian and Matt will play this game only once? A)  The Nash equilibrium is the high price. B)  A Nash equilibrium cannot be established unless Brian and Matt collude. C)  A Nash equilibrium cannot be established without the players repeating the game. D)  The Nash equilibrium price is the low price. -Refer to Table 17-22. Which of the following statements is correct if Brian and Matt will play this game only once?


A) The Nash equilibrium is the high price.
B) A Nash equilibrium cannot be established unless Brian and Matt collude.
C) A Nash equilibrium cannot be established without the players repeating the game.
D) The Nash equilibrium price is the low price.

E) A) and B)
F) All of the above

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Like monopolists, oligopolists are aware that an increase in the quantity of output always


A) reduces the price of their product.
B) reduces their profit.
C) reduces their revenue.
D) reduces productivity.

E) A) and B)
F) C) and D)

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The notion of a tit-for-tat strategy applies to a prisoners' dilemma game that is played repeatedly, but it does not apply if the game is played only once.

A) True
B) False

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Cartels in the United States are


A) legal if price is competitively determined.
B) legal if all firms in the industry agree to the terms of the cartel.
C) legal if all conditions of the cartel are made public.
D) illegal.

E) A) and B)
F) None of the above

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If one firm left a duopoly market where the firms did not cooperate then


A) price and quantity would rise
B) price would rise and quantity would fall.
C) quantity would rise and price would fall.
D) quantity and price would fall.

E) C) and D)
F) A) and B)

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Table 17-11 Only two firms, ABC and XYZ, sell a particular product. The table below shows the demand curve for their product. Each firm has the same constant marginal cost of $8 and zero fixed cost. Table 17-11 Only two firms, ABC and XYZ, sell a particular product. The table below shows the demand curve for their product. Each firm has the same constant marginal cost of $8 and zero fixed cost.   -Refer to Table 17-11. ABC and XYZ agree to jointly maximize profits. If ABC and XYZ each break the agreement and each produce 5 more than agreed upon, how much less profit does each make? A)  $5 B)  $20 C)  $60 D)  $90 -Refer to Table 17-11. ABC and XYZ agree to jointly maximize profits. If ABC and XYZ each break the agreement and each produce 5 more than agreed upon, how much less profit does each make?


A) $5
B) $20
C) $60
D) $90

E) None of the above
F) B) and D)

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Briefly describe the practice of predatory pricing.

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Predatory pricing occurs when ...

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Table 17-19 Consider a small town that has two grocery stores from which residents can choose to buy a loaf of bread. The store owners each must make a decision to set a high bread price or a low bread price. The payoff table, showing profit per week, is provided below. The profit in each cell is shown as (Store 1, Store 2) . Table 17-19 Consider a small town that has two grocery stores from which residents can choose to buy a loaf of bread. The store owners each must make a decision to set a high bread price or a low bread price. The payoff table, showing profit per week, is provided below. The profit in each cell is shown as (Store 1, Store 2) .   -Refer to Table 17-19. If grocery store 2 sets a low price, what price should grocery store 1 set? And what will grocery store 1's payoff equal? A)  Low price, $250 B)  High price, $400 C)  Low price, $50 D)  High price, $50 -Refer to Table 17-19. If grocery store 2 sets a low price, what price should grocery store 1 set? And what will grocery store 1's payoff equal?


A) Low price, $250
B) High price, $400
C) Low price, $50
D) High price, $50

E) C) and D)
F) None of the above

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Nike and Reebok (athletic shoe companies) are considering whether to advertise during the Super Bowl. Devise a simple prisoners' dilemma game to demonstrate the strategic considerations that are relevant to this decision. Does the repeated game scenario differ from a single period game? Is it possible that a repeated game (without collusive agreements) could lead to an outcome that is better than a single-period game? Explain the circumstances in which this may be true.

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The answer should show that if both shoe...

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The manufacturer of South Face sells jackets to retail stores for $120 each, and it requires the retail stores to charge customers $150 per jacket. Any retailer that charges less than $150 would violate its contract with South Face. What do economists call this business practice?


A) predatory pricing
B) resale price maintenance
C) tying
D) leverage

E) C) and D)
F) None of the above

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Oligopolies produce more when they collude then when they do not.

A) True
B) False

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Table 17-18 This table shows a game played between two firms, Firm A and Firm B. In this game each firm must decide how much output (Q) to produce: 10 units or 12 units. The profit for each firm is given in the table as (Profit for Firm A, Profit for Firm B) . Table 17-18 This table shows a game played between two firms, Firm A and Firm B. In this game each firm must decide how much output (Q)  to produce: 10 units or 12 units. The profit for each firm is given in the table as (Profit for Firm A, Profit for Firm B) .   -Refer to Table 17-18. If these two firms play this game repeatedly, the likely outcome will be A)  10 units of output for Firm A and 10 units of output for Firm B. B)  10 units of output for Firm A and 12 units of output for Firm B. C)  12 units of output for Firm A and 10 units of output for Firm B. D)  12 units of output for Firm A and 12 units of output for Firm B. -Refer to Table 17-18. If these two firms play this game repeatedly, the likely outcome will be


A) 10 units of output for Firm A and 10 units of output for Firm B.
B) 10 units of output for Firm A and 12 units of output for Firm B.
C) 12 units of output for Firm A and 10 units of output for Firm B.
D) 12 units of output for Firm A and 12 units of output for Firm B.

E) All of the above
F) A) and B)

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