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In Erikson's theory,the gap between the secure roles of childhood and the full independence of adulthood is known as


A) self-efficacy.
B) psychosocial moratorium.
C) the barometric self.
D) ethnocentrism.

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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Given the contradictory nature of the self in adolescence,it is not surprising that the self fluctuates across


A) situations.
B) times.
C) situations and times.
D) neither situations nor times.

E) A) and B)
F) B) and C)

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C

If Bill and Kate's son has just acquired the ability to recognize himself,how old is he?


A) 3-months old
B) 8-months old
C) 10-months old
D) 18-months old.

E) None of the above
F) All of the above

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The degree to which first-generation immigrants begin to feel "Canadian" appears to be associated with all of the following except whether or not they


A) learn English.
B) develop social networks.
C) live in the same immediate neighbourhood as those speaking their language.
D) become competent in their new country.

E) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

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Seven-year-old Abbey's reference to herself as Jewish and a Brownie scout provides an example of the ______________ aspect of self,which emerges in the elementary years.


A) cognitive
B) personal
C) social
D) recognition

E) B) and C)
F) A) and B)

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C

Eighteen-year-old Sylvia had a difficult time selecting a college but finally settled on a private school in Washington State.During her first year at school,she struggled with selecting a major but finally decided on psychology.This pattern of crisis and resolution is called


A) temperament.
B) connectedness.
C) the "MAMA" cycle.
D) psychosocial moratorium.

E) A) and D)
F) C) and D)

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Which is not a type of "possible self"?


A) what you might become
B) what you would like to become
C) what you are afraid of becoming
D) what you used to be

E) B) and C)
F) A) and B)

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D

____________________________ is a central component of the self in early childhood.An example of this is when children describe themselves in terms of activities.


A) Self-development
B) Active dimension
C) Active development
D) Self-awareness

E) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

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George understands that he is a student,a brother,a hockey player,and a baseball player.This representation of his self reflects


A) self-esteem.
B) self-awareness.
C) self-recognition.
D) self-understanding.

E) None of the above
F) A) and B)

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In one study both boys and girls had high self-esteem in childhood.Which of the following statements is correct?


A) Self-esteem got higher in adolescence.
B) Self-esteem remained the same in adolescence.
C) Self-esteem declines in childhood.
D) Self-esteem declines in adolescence.

E) None of the above
F) B) and C)

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Frances told her parents that she was going to take time off from college and take some time to find herself.What identity status is she in?


A) foreclosure
B) diffusion
C) moratorium
D) achievement

E) A) and B)
F) B) and D)

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Individuality,according to Catherine Cooper,consists of which two dimensions?


A) self-assertion and separateness
B) separateness and mutuality
C) mutuality and permeability
D) self-assertion and development

E) B) and C)
F) A) and B)

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Christa reads a story in which some children make fun of another child because that child is physically handicapped.The children are then reprimanded by their teacher for their behaviour.Later,some of these same children meet an intellectually disabled teenager.After reading the story,Christa is asked,"How do you think the children will react?" Given this description,you would expect that the person studying this situation is interested in


A) self-concept.
B) perspective taking.
C) self-esteem.
D) possible selves.

E) None of the above
F) All of the above

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The global evaluative dimension of the self is called


A) self-esteem.
B) self-concept.
C) self-awareness.
D) self-understanding.

E) A) and D)
F) B) and C)

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Concerning self-understanding,early childhood is to middle childhood as


A) internal is to external.
B) physical is to psychological.
C) inactive is to active.
D) abstract is to concrete.

E) B) and C)
F) A) and B)

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The Self-Perception Profile for Children taps all of the following domains of self-concept,except:


A) emotional well-being.
B) social acceptance.
C) physical appearance.
D) scholastic competence.

E) C) and D)
F) None of the above

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Identify the five main characteristics of self-understanding in young children.

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Confusion of self,mind,and bod...

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What drives the changes from infancy through adolescence in terms of self-understanding? Perspective taking,which is linked to Piaget's cognitive theory,is one possibility.Explain how perspective taking and the answer you give are connected.

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The cognitive development described by P...

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In Coopersmith's research on boys' self-esteem (1967) ,all of the following parenting attributes were associated with boys' high self-esteem,except


A) harmony in the home.
B) strict discipline.
C) setting clear and fair rules.
D) expression of affection.

E) B) and D)
F) A) and D)

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Social comparisons can be said to


A) be common in preschoolers.
B) alter self-understanding by forcing a child to consider her abilities in relation to others.
C) lead to a decrease in self-esteem.
D) typically result in identity diffusion.

E) All of the above
F) A) and D)

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