Question 1

Primary reinforcers can

Accepted Answer

A)  produce comfort.
B)  end discomfort.
C)  satisfy some biological need.
D)  do all of these.E) A) and B)
F) None of the above

Question 2

A team referee who fines a coach for unsportsmanlike conduct is using

Accepted Answer

A)  aversive conditioning.
B)  modeling.
C)  negative reinforcement.
D)  punishment.E) C) and D)
F) All of the above

Question 3

The fact that responses that are not always followed by reinforcement become more and more resistant to extinction is referred to as the

Accepted Answer

A)  reinforcement-generalization effect.
B)  partial reinforcement effect.
C)  Skinner phenomenon.
D)  serendipity effect.E) None of the above
F) C) and D)

Question 4

Learning to recognize different automobile brands, animals, types of music, and even the answers on psychology tests all depend, in part, on

Accepted Answer

A)  respondent conditioning.
B)  systematic desensitization.
C)  operant stimulus discrimination.
D)  primary positive reinforcements.E) None of the above
F) B) and C) C

Question 5

When walking outside, your hands get so cold that they hurt.You take a pair of gloves out of your backpack and put them on, ending the pain.Putting on the gloves is

Accepted Answer

A)  negatively reinforced.
B)  a form of punishment.
C)  positively reinforced.
D)  a type of response cost.E) None of the above
F) A) and D)

Question 6

In its most basic form, response cost can be described as

Accepted Answer

A)  aversive stimulation.
B)  negative reinforcement.
C)  a removal of a reinforcer.
D)  positive reinforcement.E) All of the above
F) C) and D)

Question 7

Information about the effects of a particular response is called

Accepted Answer

A)  branching.
B)  negative reinforcement.
C)  secondary reinforcement.
D)  feedback.E) A) and B)
F) All of the above

Question 8

When a teenager loses his phone privileges or is "grounded," the parent is using

Accepted Answer

A)  negative reinforcement.
B)  response chaining.
C)  response cost.
D)  aversive punishment.E) B) and C)
F) C) and D)

Question 9

You walk out into bright sunlight.You immediately reach in your purse and get your sunglasses.Putting on your sunglasses to escape the sun's bright light is an example of

Accepted Answer

A)  negative reinforcement.
B)  positive reinforcement.
C)  response cost.
D)  aversive punishment.E) A) and C)
F) B) and D)

Question 10

Which schedule of reinforcement tends to produce moderate response rates in which responding is low following reinforcement, but rapidly increases as the time for the next reinforcer approaches?

Accepted Answer

A)  fixed interval
B)  fixed ratio
C)  variable ratio
D)  variable intervalE) All of the above
F) C) and D) A

Question 11

What do positive and negative reinforcement have in common?

Accepted Answer

A)  They both have aversive qualities.
B)  They both have pleasant qualities.
C)  They both lead to a decrease in response frequencies.
D)  They both lead to an increase in response frequencies.E) All of the above
F) A) and C)

Question 12

Through _____, one learns to differentiate between antecedent stimuli that signal reward and nonreward.

Accepted Answer

A)  latent learning
B)  response chaining
C)  operant stimulus discrimination
D)  operant stimulus generalizationE) A) and C)
F) A) and B) C

Question 13

_____ schedules of reinforcement produce slow, steady response rates with a tremendous resistance to extinction.

Accepted Answer

A)  Fixed ratio
B)  Fixed interval
C)  Variable interval
D)  Continuous reinforcementE) B) and C)
F) A) and B)

Question 14

Elaine is reinforced with a gold star for every math problem on her worksheet that she correctly completes.This is an example of

Accepted Answer

A)  the partial reinforcement effect.
B)  a variable interval.
C)  a fixed ratio schedule.
D)  continuous reinforcement.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 15

Jason's parents reward him with a play break after he has worked on his homework for 20 minutes.After 20 more minutes of study, he receives another play break and so on.Jason is on a _____ schedule of reinforcement.

Accepted Answer

A)  continuous
B)  fixed interval
C)  variable interval
D)  fixed ratioE) None of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 16

A rat learns to press a bar to turn off a mild shock it is receiving through the floor of its cage.In this case, bar pressing is

Accepted Answer

A)  being classically conditioned.
B)  rewarded by negative reinforcement.
C)  being learned through punishment.
D)  a positively reinforced motor skill.E) A) and C)
F) A) and B)

Question 17

New tools, such as _____ make it a lot easier for individuals to get feedback about their individual resource consumption.

Accepted Answer

A)  recycling data recorders
B)  green initiative diaries
C)  carbon footprint calculators
D)  ozone depletion updatesE) All of the above
F) A) and C)

Question 18

During the training of the "sniffer" dogs who locate drugs, the dogs are reinforced only for approaching containers baited with drugs.This training illustrates the use of

Accepted Answer

A)  response chaining.
B)  systematic desensitization.
C)  operant stimulus discrimination.
D)  operant stimulus generalization.E) A) and C)
F) None of the above

Question 19

The first grade teacher gives students stickers when they perform well.If they earn five stickers in one day they are exempt from homework.The stickers in this example could also be called

Accepted Answer

A)  tokens.
B)  primary reinforcers.
C)  bribes.
D)  prepotent responses.E) A) and B)
F) B) and C)

Question 20

If spanking a child decreases the child's misbehavior, the parent has used

Accepted Answer

A)  negative reinforcement.
B)  aversive punishment.
C)  response cost.
D)  all of these.E) None of the above
F) A) and D)

Exam 7: Extension B: Conditioning and Learning

Primary reinforcers can

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A team referee who fines a coach for unsportsmanlike conduct is using

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The fact that responses that are not always followed by reinforcement become more and more resistant to extinction is referred to as the

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Learning to recognize different automobile brands, animals, types of music, and even the answers on psychology tests all depend, in part, on

Correct AnswerverifiedC

When walking outside, your hands get so cold that they hurt.You take a pair of gloves out of your backpack and put them on, ending the pain.Putting on the gloves is

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In its most basic form, response cost can be described as

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Information about the effects of a particular response is called

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

When a teenager loses his phone privileges or is "grounded," the parent is using

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

You walk out into bright sunlight.You immediately reach in your purse and get your sunglasses.Putting on your sunglasses to escape the sun's bright light is an example of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which schedule of reinforcement tends to produce moderate response rates in which responding is low following reinforcement, but rapidly increases as the time for the next reinforcer approaches?

Correct AnswerverifiedA

What do positive and negative reinforcement have in common?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Through _____, one learns to differentiate between antecedent stimuli that signal reward and nonreward.

Correct AnswerverifiedC

_____ schedules of reinforcement produce slow, steady response rates with a tremendous resistance to extinction.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Elaine is reinforced with a gold star for every math problem on her worksheet that she correctly completes.This is an example of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Jason's parents reward him with a play break after he has worked on his homework for 20 minutes.After 20 more minutes of study, he receives another play break and so on.Jason is on a _____ schedule of reinforcement.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A rat learns to press a bar to turn off a mild shock it is receiving through the floor of its cage.In this case, bar pressing is

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

New tools, such as _____ make it a lot easier for individuals to get feedback about their individual resource consumption.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

During the training of the "sniffer" dogs who locate drugs, the dogs are reinforced only for approaching containers baited with drugs.This training illustrates the use of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The first grade teacher gives students stickers when they perform well.If they earn five stickers in one day they are exempt from homework.The stickers in this example could also be called

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

If spanking a child decreases the child's misbehavior, the parent has used

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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C

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A

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