A) The human and chimp skulls develop similarly until adulthood,when human jaw development slows down relative to the chimpanzee.
B) The human and chimp skulls develop similarly until the infant stage,when human jaw development slows down relative to the chimpanzee.
C) The human and chimp skulls develop similarly until the infant stage,when human cranium development slows down relative to the chimpanzee.
D) The human and chimp skulls develop similarly during the fetal stage,after which point chimpanzee cranium growth outpaces humans.
F) C) and D)
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B
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A) The divergence of a single parasitic wasp population into two distinct species that use different hosts.
B) The evolution of the horse via changes in climate and food supply.
C) The long period of equilibrium in a bat species in the Mariana Islands.
D) The 1,000 species of Drosophila found dispersed throughout the Hawaiian Islands.
F) A) and B)
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A) Both pre- and post-zygotic isolating mechanisms have arisen.
B) Reproductive isolation is incomplete.
C) Pre-zygotic isolating mechanisms have arisen.
D) Post-zygotic isolating mechanisms have arisen.
E) Gene flow between the two populations does not occur.
G) B) and E)
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A) Different Hox genes are expressed in different regions of the body.
B) Hox genes have duplicated several times during animal evolution,but they are not responsible for an increase in body plan complexity.
C) An increase in the number of Hox genes allows for greater specialization in different body regions.
D) An increase in the number of Hox genes meant that fewer regulatory genes could be controlled in a species.
E) As the number of Hox genes increases,the number of genes encoding proteins for appendage development decreases.
G) B) and D)
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A) Taxonomic determinations were made based on the ecological species concept.
B) Taxonomic determinations were made based on the biological species concept.
C) Taxonomic determinations were made based on the evolutionary lineage species concept.
D) Taxonomic determinations were made based on the general lineage species concept.
F) C) and D)
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A) They evolved convergently from similar genes in insects and flatworms.
B) They directly encode morphological proteins.
C) They are located on a single chromosome.
D) They determine cell fate along the anteroposterior axis.
E) They play a major role in embryonic,but not adult,body plans.
G) C) and E)
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A) A group of polyploid individuals arises by an abnormal mitosis.The polyploids can only produce viable offspring by mating with
Each other.
B) Several individuals join an existing population and introduce new,beneficial alleles.
C) Several individuals colonize a new area and establish a population.Migration between the new population and the source population is common.
D) An existing species becomes subdivided by a glacier and the resulting groups remain physically isolated from each other for thousands of years.When the glacier melts,the two groups have developed slight differences in coloration,but are able to interbreeD.
E) A volcano erupts and kills all of the frogs on an island,along with many other species.New frogs colonize the island and begin reproducing rapidly because there are no longer any frog predators.
G) B) and D)
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A
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A) The discovery that P.glaucus and P.appalachiensis interbreed in the wild.
B) The discovery that P.glaucus and P.appalachiensis have a genomic similarity of 99%.
C) The discovery that P.glaucus and P.appalachiensis do not interbreed in the wild.
D) The discovery that P.glaucus and P.appalachiensis have distinct differences in wing coloration.
E) The discovery that P.glaucus and P.appalachiensis feed on different host plants.
G) A) and C)
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A) Yes,because temporal isolation could occur due to differences in host quality.
B) No,because the ticks inhabit the same region and therefore experience the same mechanisms of evolution.
C) Yes,because the ticks' host preference may be inherited,leading to an accumulation of genetic differences between ticks that use deer and ticks that use dogs.
D) No,because one of the hosts will lead to higher fitness and the ticks that prefer the other host will be eradicated.
E) No,because speciation cannot occur without geographic separation.
G) A) and B)
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A) Pattern formation.
B) Embryology.
C) Cell biology.
D) Evolutionary developmental biology.
E) Darwinism.
G) A) and C)
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A) merges with another population of the same species.
B) becomes geographically isolated and undergoes genetic change.
C) becomes extinct and is replaced by a population of a different species.
D) shows little genetic change from generation to generation.
E) hybrid sterility occurs.
G) C) and D)
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A) cause apoptosis;inhibit the function of
B) induce mitosis;amplify expression of
C) inhibit growth;amplify expression of
D) induce mitosis;inhibit the function of
E) cause apoptosis;act as a catalyst for
G) C) and D)
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A) it can only be used for sexually reproducing organisms.
B) it cannot be used for extinct species.
C) there is no rule for determining the number of sequence differences needed for a new species.
D) if can be misleading because many species exhibit large variation in phenotype.
E) species that do not interbreed in nature may be able to successfully breed in captivity.
G) B) and C)
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A) mechanical isolation.
B) temporal isolation.
C) habitat isolation.
D) behavioral isolation.
E) gametic isolation.
G) A) and D)
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A) The Northern species breeds during spring,while the Southern species breeds in late summer.
B) The mating calls of the two species are different.
C) Adults of the Southern species are entirely terrestrial,while adults of the Northern species are entirely aquatiC.
D) Hybrids of the two species are sterile.
E) Sperm of the Northern species are unable to penetrate the membrane of eggs of the Southern species.
G) D) and E)
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B
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A) subspecies
B) phenotypes
C) macrospecies
D) genetic clones
E) hybrid species
G) A) and E)
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A) mechanical isolation.
B) temporal isolation.
C) habitat isolation.
D) behavioral isolation.
E) gametic isolation.
G) A) and C)
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A) phylogenetic species concept.
B) biological species concept.
C) evolutionary species concept.
D) ecological species concept.
E) general lineage concept.
G) A) and E)
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A) hybrid sterility.
B) temporal isolation.
C) hybrid breakdown.
D) behavioral isolation.
E) gametic isolation.
G) B) and D)
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A) Chicken feet only express BMP4 while duck feet only express gremiln.
B) BMP4 is expressed similarly in both chicken and duck feet,while gremlin is only expressed in duck feet.
C) Gremlin is expressed similarly in both chicken and duck feet,while BMP4 is only expressed in between chicken digits.
D) Both BMP4 and gremlin are expressed similarly in chicken and duck feet.
E) BMP4 is expressed similarly in both chicken and duck feet,while gremlin is not expressed between the digits of chicken feet.
G) A) and B)
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