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Exam 7: Ventilation, perfusion, and Shock: Understanding Pathophysiology

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Question 21

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Certain blood vessels that contain specialized sensors that detect the level of internal pressure and transmit messages to the nervous system,which then triggers the smooth muscle in the vessel walls to make any needed size adjustments,are called:

A) pressure receptors.
B) stretch receptors.
C) chemoreceptors.
D) volume receptors.

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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Question 22

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Your patient is an 86-year-old male with congestive heart failure.He called for help tonight because he cannot breathe and feels like he is "drowning in his own lungs." The patient has had several heart attacks in the past and he tells you his "heart is shot." The patient's cardiac output is likely diminished because:

A) less blood fills his heart with each contraction (preload is diminished) .
B) the heart's force of contraction is reduced (contractility is diminished) .
C) the pressure in the system against which the heart must pump is increased (afterload is increased) .
D) All of the above are true.

E) A) and C)
F) A) and D)

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Question 23

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A disruption of the balance between oncotic pressure and hydrostatic pressure is critical to regulating:

The net result of respiratory challenges is low oxygen,also called ________,within the body.

You are caring for a 25-year-old male patient that has been shot once in the head.The patient is in extremis (near the point of death) with a noticeable breathing pattern that alternates between no breathing and fast breathing.Your understanding of pathophysiology leads you to believe the breathing pattern may be due to damage to the section of his brain responsible for respiratory control,also known as the:

A 59-year-old male has suffered a severe laceration from a circular saw while cutting wood in his garage.Upon your arrival,you find the patient sitting on the floor in a pool of blood.He is extremely pale.Based on your knowledge of pathophysiology,you would expect his body to try to compensate for the blood loss in all of the following ways,except:

What is the best description of the chest's mechanical functions?

Cells make up tissues,tissues make up organs,and organs make up:

Carbon dioxide is transported back to the lungs in two ways: via the red blood cells and:

Injuries to the brain and spinal cord,sepsis,and severe allergic reactions can cause what similar cardiovascular problem?

Janie is having difficulty breathing.Her current tidal volume is 350 mL,and she is breathing at 28 times per minute.What would be her minute volume?

________ blood returns to the right side of the heart.

When the body's water moves from the bloodstream into the interstitial space,it is called:

Which of the following BEST defines adenosine triphosphate (ATP) ?

You are called to a kindergarten class where a boy has fallen while climbing on playground equipment.The teacher saw him fall and hit his stomach on a step.He is sobbing and holding his abdomen.As you assess him,you find his skin cool and clammy,his pulse is 132,respiratory is 28.Why is the boy acting this way?

The most vulnerable part of the cell is the:

In normal exhalation,the diaphragm and intercostal muscles relax to contract the chest,which creates a positive pressure.This is what type of process?

Stroke volume depends on a series of factors: one is the force the myocardial muscle exerts to move the blood.This is known as:

The layer of covering that protects the nervous system is called the:

The process by which glucose and other nutrients are converted into energy is called: