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Imogen is part of a group that rejects all conventional beliefs in society and religion. The group promotes vegetarianism, celibacy, and abstinence from drugs, alcohol, and technology. Its activities are aimed at preparation for the apocalypse and comprise bizarre rituals. In this scenario, Imogen is a member of a _____.


A) consortium
B) cult
C) sect
D) clique
E) faction

F) B) and E)
G) None of the above

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According to functionalists, which of the following is a manifest function of education?


A) Education is good for business.
B) Schools provide childcare for two-income families.
C) Education decreases job competition.
D) Education promotes cultural innovation.
E) High schools are matchmaking institutions.

F) A) and B)
G) B) and E)

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How do religion, religiosity, and spirituality differ from each other?

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Answers will vary. Religion is a social institution that involves shared beliefs, values, and practices related to the supernatural. It unites believers into a community, but customs and practices differ across cultures and groups. Religion is a belief system, but religious expression can vary. When sociologists examine religiosity, the ways people demonstrate their religious beliefs, they find that religion and religiosity differ. Spirituality is a personal quest to feel connected to a reality greater than oneself.  Please see the section "Religion and Society" for more information.

Religiously unaffiliated people:


A) comprise 32 percent of the world's population.
B) identify with folk religions.
C) may or may not believe in God.
D) include followers of Australian aboriginal religions.
E) are the world's first largest religious group.

F) C) and D)
G) A) and E)

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Discuss the dysfunctional aspects of religion according to the functionalists' perspective. Support your answer with examples from U.S. history.

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Answers will vary. Functionalists emphas...

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Mathew and Jane met during their first semester at college. They dated throughout the four years of their study and eventually got married. This scenario illustrates the _____ function of education.


A) labeling
B) manifest
C) latent
D) tracking
E) obligatory

F) B) and D)
G) A) and E)

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Which of the following is a change undergone by U.S. education and schooling since the beginning of the twentieth century?


A) Women and racial-ethnic groups have dropped out of colleges and universities.
B) Student diversity in colleges has decreased.
C) Community colleges have flourished.
D) Cheating has become rare in colleges and graduate schools.
E) Student loan debt has significantly decreased since 2004.

F) B) and C)
G) A) and B)

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Which of the following statements best describes the difference between the views of functionalists and conflict theorists on credentialism?


A) Functionalists maintain that credentialism gives rise to achievement gaps, while conflict theorists contend that credentialism reduces achievement gaps.
B) Functionalists maintain that for many positions, people succeed because of ability or other factors, while conflict theorists contend that credentialism stimulates upward social mobility.
C) Functionalists maintain that credentialism rewards people for their accomplishments, while conflict theorists contend that for many positions, people can gain skills on the job with a few weeks of training.
D) Functionalists maintain that credentialism does not account for efficiency, while conflict theorists contend that credentialism sorts out those who are the most qualified for jobs.
E) Functionalists maintain that credentialism restricts upward social mobility, while conflict theorists contend that credentialism offers a great sense of achievement.

F) B) and C)
G) All of the above

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Define tracking. What are the consequences of tracking?

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Answers will vary. Tracking involves ass...

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In which of the following ways does religion promote social control?


A) Many religious organizations help the poor and sick.
B) Religion helps people cope with the daily struggles of survival.
C) Many religious people try to follow societal rules for fear of punishment in the afterlife.
D) Communal worship and rituals increase social contacts and help people develop a sense of identity.
E) Religion provides meaning in life and offers hope for the future.

F) B) and D)
G) B) and C)

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C

According to functionalists, a manifest function of education is that it:


A) decreases job competition.
B) brings unmarried people together.
C) increases societal cohesion.
D) creates social networks.
E) offers business opportunities.

F) B) and C)
G) None of the above

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C

Based on the symbolic interactionists' perspective, identify the most common means of learning and internalizing religion.

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Answers will vary. For symbolic interact...

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Conflict theorists believe that religion:


A) promotes and reinforces social inequality.
B) is not innate, but socially constructed.
C) plays a role in bringing consensus and harmony in society.
D) is the most common means of learning.
E) provides meaning in life and offers hope for the future.

F) None of the above
G) A) and E)

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In the context of religion, which of the following is a criticism of feminist scholars?


A) Many feminist scholars view religion as an opiate to people.
B) Feminist scholars imply that religion is indispensable to leading a good life.
C) The progress of women in organized religion is overemphasized by many feminist scholars.
D) Feminist scholars attach too much credence to Marx's concept of false consciousness.
E) Religious women are not as oppressed as many feminist scholars claim.

F) A) and D)
G) All of the above

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According to a multi-year project by Cantrell and Kane in 2013, the most accurate way to evaluate elementary school teachers is through the assessment of the methods used by them for instructional delivery.

A) True
B) False

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Conflict theorists maintain that education:


A) reduces achievement gaps.
B) creates and perpetuates social inequality.
C) provides people with an opportunity for upward mobility.
D) contributes to society's stability, solidarity, and well-being.
E) makes a big difference in lifetime earnings.

F) A) and D)
G) A) and E)

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Jay belongs to a Hindu subgroup that was formed recently. The subgroup acknowledges the presence of other religious groups and agrees that other groups also possess the truth. In this case, the religious subgroup that Jay belongs to can be classified as a _____ of Hinduism.


A) cult
B) sect
C) denomination
D) symbol
E) faction

F) A) and B)
G) B) and C)

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Which of the following statements is true of conflict theorists' view on education and social control?


A) Conflict theorists maintain that credentialism rewards people for their accomplishments.
B) Conflict theorists overlook the importance of social class achievement gaps.
C) Conflict theorists maintain that the hidden curriculum reproduces the existing class structure.
D) Conflict theorists maintain that credentialism sorts out those who are the most qualified for jobs.
E) Conflict theorists believe that education contributes to society's stability, solidarity, and well-being.

F) C) and D)
G) A) and D)

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Identify a true statement about the hidden curriculum at schools in low-income and working-class neighborhoods.


A) They only include reading, writing, and learning other skills.
B) They prepare students to work in bureaucracies that require deference to authority.
C) They encourage leadership, creativity, independence, and people skills.
D) They stress obedience, following directions, and punctuality.
E) They prepare students to work in high-paid jobs.

F) B) and C)
G) A) and C)

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Discuss the issues faced in postsecondary educational institutions.

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Answers will vary. Public postsecondary ...

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