Question 1

Which statement best characterizes how the behavioural learning viewpoint views development?

Accepted Answer

A)  as active, discontinuous, and dependent on external stimuli
B)  as active, continuous, and dependent on internal forces.
C)  as passive, continuous, and dependent on external stimuli
D)  as passive, discontinuous, qualitative, and dependent on internal forcesE) B) and D)
F) None of the above

Question 2

What does the ethological view of human development emphasize as an important factor in development?

Accepted Answer

A)  environmental influences
B)  innate influences
C)  cognitive processes
D)  perceptual processesE) None of the above
F) B) and C)

Question 3

According to the ethological view, what are sensitive periods in development?

Accepted Answer

A)  the only time during which imprinting can occur
B)  the time when young children are least likely to be responsive to environmental experiences
C)  the time when children are most influenced by reinforcers and punishers
D)  the time that is optimal for the emergence of particular competencies or behavioursE) B) and C)
F) A) and C)

Question 4

Identify one key difference between Bandura's cognitive social-learning theory and Skinner's operant learning theory.

Accepted Answer

One key difference between Bandura's cog...

Question 5

Identify two main differences between Erikson's psychosocial theory and Freud's psychosexual theory of development.

Accepted Answer

One main difference between Erikson's ps...

Question 6

Which of the following statements about the Little Albert experiment is accurate?

Accepted Answer

A)  Little Albert progressed through a series of biological maturation, and this maturation process dictated Albert's responses over time.
B)  The Little Albert experiment has been replicated many times in recent years.
C)  Watson was unable to instill a fear response in Little Albert.
D)  Watson's results from the Little Albert experiment demonstrated that emotional reactions were acquired rather than inborn.E) C) and D)
F) A) and C)

Question 7

Discuss Piaget's cognitive developmental theory in terms of the innate-purity/original-sin issue, the nature-nurture issue, and the activity-passivity issue.

Accepted Answer

Curiosity and the desire to learn and un...

Question 8

Human beings have a long period of development, requiring nurturance and protection for many years.What would evolutionary theorists argue about this long period of relative immaturity?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is due to innate evolutionary mechanisms responsible for shaping human conduct and character.
B)  Most human motives and behaviours have a biological basis.
C)  It is a necessity because a long period of adaption is needed for acquiring physical and cognitive competencies.
D)  Infants are more self-sufficient at birth than initially believed.E) None of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 9

Which type of developmental change do learning theorists emphasize?

Accepted Answer

A)  qualitative
B)  continuous
C)  ecologically valid
D)  discontinuousE) C) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 10

What is one basic distinction between the views of Freud and Erikson?

Accepted Answer

A)  Freud thought development was stage-like, whereas Erikson saw it as continuous.
B)  Freud emphasized the "nurture" side of development, whereas Erikson emphasized the "nature" side of development.
C)  Freud emphasized the role of biological forces in development, whereas Erikson emphasized the role of social and cultural forces in development.
D)  Freud believed the transitions between successive stages were gradual, whereas Erikson believed the transitions were more sharply defined and identifiable.E) C) and D)
F) A) and D)

Question 11

What did the neo-Freudian theorist Karen Horney emphasize as an important factor in development?

Accepted Answer

A)  sex differences
B)  birth order
C)  sibling interactions
D)  the collective unconsciousE) All of the above
F) A) and C)

Question 12

Preschoolers and early elementary school children are learning to take initiative and are trying new tasks.According to Erikson, what type of parent fosters healthy development during this time?

Accepted Answer

A)  one who lets the child do what he or she wants
B)  one who neither encourages nor discourages initiative
C)  one who punishes initiative behaviours
D)  one who helps achieve a balance between initiative taking and respecting othersE) A) and C)
F) None of the above

Question 13

Louis lies, steals, and cheats routinely.According to Freud's theory, what would you conclude about Louis's personality structure?

Accepted Answer

A)  He has a weak id.
B)  He has a strong superego.
C)  He has a strong ego.
D)  He has a strong id.E) A) and B)
F) B) and D)

Question 14

Egon proposed a theory to explain children's learning.Over the years, several other researchers have tested Edgar's theory, with mixed results.In recent years, nearly every attempt at validation has resulted in disconfirmation of Egon's theory.At this point, what should Egon do?

Accepted Answer

A)  continue to support his theory as it is, because a few disconfirmations do not mean very much
B)  consider revising his theory, because the recent disconfirmations suggest that there may be problems with the theory
C)  discard his theory altogether, because the recent disconfirmations prove that his theory is incorrect
D)  critically evaluate the procedures used in the studies that failed to confirm his theory in an attempt to uncover flaws in the research proceduresE) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 15

According to Freud, which component of personality is responsible for perception, learning, and logical reasoning?

Accepted Answer

A)  the id
B)  the ego
C)  the superego
D)  the collective unconsciousE) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

Question 16

Describe Bandura's concept of observational learning, including a descriptive example.

Accepted Answer

Bandura's concept of observational learn...

Question 17

What is one basic distinction between the views of John Watson and Sigmund Freud?

Accepted Answer

A)  Watson believed that development was based on learned associations, whereas Freud saw development as based on instincts and unconscious motives.
B)  Watson emphasized the "nature" side of development, whereas Freud emphasized the "nurture" side of development.
C)  Watson emphasized the role of biological forces in development, whereas Freud emphasized the role of sociocultural forces in development.
D)  Watson saw children as having stage-like inborn tendencies that ruled development, whereas Freud saw children as driven by continuous biological drives.E) None of the above
F) All of the above

Question 18

Sandy is 18 years old and smokes two packs of cigarettes every day.She has been smoking since she was 15; she started because several of her friends did.When asked why she smokes so much, she says simply that it makes her feel good and gives her something to do.(a) What might Freud say about why Sandy smokes? (b) What would Skinner say? (c) What would Bandura say?

Accepted Answer

(a) Freud would want more information on...

Question 19

Suppose Nyla wants to have a bracelet that she saw in a store, but she doesn't have the money to buy it, so she steals the bracelet.According to Freud, which component of Nyla's personality was responsible for her theft?

Accepted Answer

A)  her reaction formation
B)  her superego
C)  her Electra complex
D)  her idE) All of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 20

According to Freud, what causes a child to enter a new psychosexual stage of development?

Accepted Answer

A)  There is a shift in which part of the body is the focus of pleasure.
B)  The id becomes a less powerful force in the child's life.
C)  The superego becomes a less powerful force in the child's life.
D)  The ego loses control of the id.E) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

Exam 2: Theories of Human Development

What does the ethological view of human development emphasize as an important factor in development?

Correct Answer
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What is one basic distinction between the views of John Watson and Sigmund Freud?

Correct Answer
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Which type of developmental change do learning theorists emphasize?

Correct Answer
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Describe Bandura's concept of observational learning, including a descriptive example.

Correct Answer
Answered by ExamLex AI
Bandura's concept of observational learn...
View Answer

Which of the following statements about the Little Albert experiment is accurate?

Correct Answer
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Discuss Piaget's cognitive developmental theory in terms of the innate-purity/original-sin issue, the nature-nurture issue, and the activity-passivity issue.

Correct Answer
verified
Curiosity and the desire to learn and un...
View Answer

Louis lies, steals, and cheats routinely.According to Freud's theory, what would you conclude about Louis's personality structure?

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified
(a) Freud would want more information on...
View Answer

What is one basic distinction between the views of Freud and Erikson?

Correct Answer
verified

Preschoolers and early elementary school children are learning to take initiative and are trying new tasks.According to Erikson, what type of parent fosters healthy development during this time?

Correct Answer
verified

Identify two main differences between Erikson's psychosocial theory and Freud's psychosexual theory of development.

Correct Answer
Answered by ExamLex AI
One main difference between Erikson's ps...
View Answer

According to the ethological view, what are sensitive periods in development?

Correct Answer
verified

Egon proposed a theory to explain children's learning.Over the years, several other researchers have tested Edgar's theory, with mixed results.In recent years, nearly every attempt at validation has resulted in disconfirmation of Egon's theory.At this point, what should Egon do?

Correct Answer
verified

Which statement best characterizes how the behavioural learning viewpoint views development?

Correct Answer
verified

Identify one key difference between Bandura's cognitive social-learning theory and Skinner's operant learning theory.

Correct Answer
Answered by ExamLex AI
One key difference between Bandura's cog...
View Answer

Human beings have a long period of development, requiring nurturance and protection for many years.What would evolutionary theorists argue about this long period of relative immaturity?

Correct Answer
verified

According to Freud, what causes a child to enter a new psychosexual stage of development?

Correct Answer
verified

What did the neo-Freudian theorist Karen Horney emphasize as an important factor in development?

Correct Answer
verified

According to Freud, which component of personality is responsible for perception, learning, and logical reasoning?

Correct Answer
verified

Suppose Nyla wants to have a bracelet that she saw in a store, but she doesn't have the money to buy it, so she steals the bracelet.According to Freud, which component of Nyla's personality was responsible for her theft?

Correct Answer
verified

Exam 2: Theories of Human Development

What does the ethological view of human development emphasize as an important factor in development?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What is one basic distinction between the views of John Watson and Sigmund Freud?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which type of developmental change do learning theorists emphasize?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Describe Bandura's concept of observational learning, including a descriptive example.

Correct AnswerAnswered by ExamLex AIBandura's concept of observational learn...View AnswerShow Answer

Which of the following statements about the Little Albert experiment is accurate?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Discuss Piaget's cognitive developmental theory in terms of the innate-purity/original-sin issue, the nature-nurture issue, and the activity-passivity issue.

Correct AnswerverifiedCuriosity and the desire to learn and un...View AnswerShow Answer

Louis lies, steals, and cheats routinely.According to Freud's theory, what would you conclude about Louis's personality structure?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct Answerverified(a) Freud would want more information on...View AnswerShow Answer

What is one basic distinction between the views of Freud and Erikson?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Preschoolers and early elementary school children are learning to take initiative and are trying new tasks.According to Erikson, what type of parent fosters healthy development during this time?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Identify two main differences between Erikson's psychosocial theory and Freud's psychosexual theory of development.

Correct AnswerAnswered by ExamLex AIOne main difference between Erikson's ps...View AnswerShow Answer

According to the ethological view, what are sensitive periods in development?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Egon proposed a theory to explain children's learning.Over the years, several other researchers have tested Edgar's theory, with mixed results.In recent years, nearly every attempt at validation has resulted in disconfirmation of Egon's theory.At this point, what should Egon do?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which statement best characterizes how the behavioural learning viewpoint views development?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Identify one key difference between Bandura's cognitive social-learning theory and Skinner's operant learning theory.

Correct AnswerAnswered by ExamLex AIOne key difference between Bandura's cog...View AnswerShow Answer

Human beings have a long period of development, requiring nurturance and protection for many years.What would evolutionary theorists argue about this long period of relative immaturity?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

According to Freud, what causes a child to enter a new psychosexual stage of development?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What did the neo-Freudian theorist Karen Horney emphasize as an important factor in development?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

According to Freud, which component of personality is responsible for perception, learning, and logical reasoning?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Suppose Nyla wants to have a bracelet that she saw in a store, but she doesn't have the money to buy it, so she steals the bracelet.According to Freud, which component of Nyla's personality was responsible for her theft?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
Answered by ExamLex AI
Bandura's concept of observational learn...
View Answer

Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Curiosity and the desire to learn and un...
View Answer

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
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(a) Freud would want more information on...
View Answer

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
Answered by ExamLex AI
One main difference between Erikson's ps...
View Answer

Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
Answered by ExamLex AI
One key difference between Bandura's cog...
View Answer

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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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