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An important consequence of the defeat of the Spanish Armada was that


A) France came to dominate Spain.
B) Catholicism was swept from western Europe.
C) England found the seas more open to their control.
D) the Reformation extended into Spain.
E) Spain was forced to relinquish its New World empire.

F) A) and C)
G) B) and E)

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The colony of Virginia was named in honor of


A) Virginia Dare.
B) Walter Raleigh.
C) Humphrey Gilbert.
D) Elizabeth I.
E) Queen Mary.

F) C) and D)
G) A) and E)

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Regarding knowledge of the Americas prior to the fifteenth century, most Europeans


A) were aware of the travels of the Norse seaman Leif Eriksson in the eleventh century.
B) believed the Americas consisted of little more than several small islands.
C) were entirely unaware of the existence of the Americas.
D) assumed that the Americas were largely unpopulated.
E) had only heard of America from the travels of Marco Polo.

F) B) and E)
G) B) and D)

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By the seventeenth century, the Spanish had given up their efforts to assimilate the Indians to Spanish ways.

A) True
B) False

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Christopher Columbus spent his early seafaring years in the service of the Portuguese.

A) True
B) False

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The origins of the majority of human existence in North America began


A) with migrations from Eurasia over the Bering Strait.
B) with the explorations of Christopher Columbus.
C) as a result of the development of the wheel.
D) long after the last ice age ended.
E) from the southern tip of South America.

F) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

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The internal African slave trade was not well established until Europeans began to demand slave labor for the New World.

A) True
B) False

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Iroquois women tended to control the social and economic organization of the settlements and played powerful roles within families.

A) True
B) False

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In what way did sixteenth-century Europeans benefit from trade between the Americas and Europe?


A) Food prices sharply rose as new crops flooded the European market.
B) Health care improved as Indian medical practices were widely practiced in Europe.
C) A large number of new crops became available in Europe.
D) Trade with the Americas ended future food shortages in Europe.
E) Forced immigration of Indian slaves reduced labor shortages in Europe.

F) B) and E)
G) C) and D)

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The first permanent English settlement in the New World was established in


A) Boston.
B) Raleigh.
C) Roanoke.
D) Plymouth.
E) Jamestown.

F) A) and E)
G) D) and E)

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The Spanish referred to peoples of mixed race as ________.

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The Roanoke disaster virtually killed the colonizing impulse in England for a long time.

A) True
B) False

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Cattle, sheep, and sugar were three New World products introduced to Europe.

A) True
B) False

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As a result of his third voyage in 1498, Christopher Columbus concluded that


A) all of the lands he had seen were in Asia.
B) he had never come even remotely close to Asia.
C) he had encountered a continent separate from Asia.
D) Asia could not be reached by a ship traveling west from Europe.
E) the lands he had discovered offered great mineral wealth.

F) C) and E)
G) A) and C)

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Many pre-Columbian tribes east of the Mississippi River were loosely linked by


A) the shared use of a series of forts.
B) common linguistic roots.
C) economic compacts.
D) intertribal religious festivals.
E) the Iroquois Confederacy.

F) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

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Those who believed that the world's wealth was finite were called ________.

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John Calvin introduced the doctrine of ________.

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Puritan discontent in England grew rapidly after the death of Queen Elizabeth I, the last of the ________.

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To reduce conflicts, Spanish policy toward the Pueblo Indians in the eighteenth century involved all of the following EXCEPT


A) intensified efforts at assimilating the Pueblos.
B) a willingness to permit the Pueblos to own their own land.
C) toleration of tribal religious rituals.
D) an expansion of the encomienda system.
E) a stop to the commandeering of Indian labor.

F) B) and D)
G) C) and E)

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Which statement best describes the role of women in pre-Columbian North American tribes?


A) In some tribes, men took care of the children as the women tended the fields.
B) In all tribes, women cared for the children and prepared meals.
C) In no tribes did women participate in the social and economic organization of the tribe.
D) In all tribes, both women and men engaged in hunting.
E) In all tribes, women were responsible for farming.

F) A) and B)
G) A) and D)

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